Ubwoko bwibigo byashoramari byamahanga mubushinwa: Igitabo cyuzuye kubashoramari bo mumahanga

Ubwiyongere bw'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa n'ubushobozi bw'isoko byatumye iba ahantu heza ku bashoramari b'abanyamahanga. Nkumwanditsi w’Ubushinwa, ni ngombwa gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku bwoko bw’ibigo bishora imari mu mahanga (FIEs) mu Bushinwa, amategeko abigenga, hamwe n’ibitekerezo abashoramari b’amahanga bagomba kuzirikana mu gihe bashinga ubucuruzi muri iki gihugu.

Ibigo byose bifite abanyamahanga (WFOEs):

WFOEs ni ibigo aho igishoro cyose gitangwa nabashoramari b’amahanga, hakurikijwe amategeko y’Ubushinwa. Izi nzego zitanga abashoramari b’abanyamahanga kugenzura imikorere yabo mu Bushinwa. Igikorwa cyo gushinga kiragoye kandi kigenzurwa cyane kugenzura ugereranije namasosiyete yo murugo. Itandukaniro ryemewe n’umutungo w’isosiyete n’abanyamigabane baryo ryarasobanuwe neza, ritanga urwego rwo kurinda inshingano.

Ibisobanuro birambuye:

WFOEs ikunze gushingwa mubice aho ishoramari ry’amahanga rishishikarizwa cyangwa aho leta y'Ubushinwa yafunguye ishoramari ry’amahanga. Ibikorwa bikubiyemo kwemererwa na minisiteri yubucuruzi cyangwa bagenzi bayo baho, kwiyandikisha mubuyobozi bwa leta bushinzwe kugenzura amasoko, no kubona uruhushya rwubucuruzi. Abashoramari b'abanyamahanga bagomba kandi kubahiriza ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gutanga raporo kandi bashobora guhura n’ibibuza gutaha mu nyungu n’ishoramari.

Ibidukikije byemewe n'amategeko.

Urwego rwemewe na WFOEs rugengwa n "Amategeko y’ishoramari mu mahanga" n’amabwiriza ayashyira mu bikorwa. Aya mategeko yashyizeho ibisabwa kugira ngo hashyizweho, imikorere, n’iseswa rya WFOEs, harimo n’ibisabwa kugira ngo hashyirwemo imari ntarengwa yandikwa ndetse no gushyiraho inama y’ubuyobozi cyangwa umuyobozi umwe rukumbi.

Ubuyobozi bufatika kubashoramari b'abanyamahanga:

Abashoramari b'abanyamahanga bakwiye gusuzuma bitonze urwego bifuza gushinga WFOE, kuko inganda zimwe zishobora kuba zifite ibisabwa cyangwa ibibujijwe. Nibyiza guhuza abajyanama mu by'amategeko n’imari baho kugirango bagenzure ibidukikije bigoye kandi bubahirize ibyangombwa byose bikenewe hamwe ninshingano zo gutanga raporo.

Ibigo bishinzwe gushora imari mu mahanga (FILLCs):

FILLCs yashizweho nabanyamigabane bagera kuri mirongo itanu, buriwese afite inshingano nke zishingiye kumisanzu yatanzwe. Iyi miterere irakwiriye cyane cyane kubitangira nubucuruzi bushora imari shoramari. Igize ishingiro rya gahunda nyinshi zishoramari, harimo n’inyungu zinyuranye zinyuranye (VIE), zemerera abashoramari b’abanyamahanga kugendera ku mbogamizi ku mutungo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe.

Ibisobanuro birambuye:

FILLCs itanga imiterere ihindagurika itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gushora imari no kuyobora. Inshingano ntarengwa irashimishije kubashoramari bashaka kugabanya imikoreshereze yimyenda yisosiyete. Imiterere ya VIE, ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byikoranabuhanga na interineti, ikubiyemo isosiyete yo murugo ifite impushya zikenewe kandi ikora ubucuruzi, mugihe umushoramari wamahanga afite inyungu zigenzura binyuze mumasezerano.

Ibidukikije byemewe n'amategeko.

Amategeko agenga FILLCs agengwa kandi n '“Amategeko agenga isosiyete ya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa.” Iri tegeko ryerekana inshingano z'abanyamigabane, abayobozi, n'abagenzuzi, ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuyobora ibigo, harimo gukora inama rusange ngarukamwaka no gutora abayobozi.

Ubuyobozi bufatika kubashoramari b'abanyamahanga:

Abashoramari b’abanyamahanga bagomba kumenya ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’imiterere ya VIE, nko gushingira ku masezerano y’amasezerano adashobora gukurikizwa n’amategeko y’Ubushinwa. Ni ngombwa kumva neza ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko no gushaka inama zinzobere mu gutunganya ishoramari mu buryo bwo kugabanya ingaruka no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’Ubushinwa.

Amasosiyete ahuriweho n’ishoramari ry’imigabane (FIJSLCs):

FIJSLCs ikorwa byibuze na bibiri kandi ntarengwa 200 byamamaza, hamwe nigishoro cyikigo kigabanijwemo imigabane ingana. Abanyamigabane bararyozwa gusa kurwego rwimigabane yabo. Iyi miterere ikwiranye n’amasosiyete akuze, manini kandi arangwa nuburyo bukomeye kandi bugoye bwo gushinga, bigatuma bidakwiranye no gutangiza imishinga mito n'iciriritse (SMEs). Kurugero, ibigo nka China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), ikigo cya leta, gikora nka FIJSLCs.

Ibisobanuro birambuye:

FIJSLCs isa n’amasosiyete ya leta mu nkiko nyinshi, hamwe n’imigabane ishobora kugurishwa kumugaragaro. Iyi miterere yemerera abashoramari benshi kandi irashobora koroshya kugera kumasoko shingiro. Nyamara, gahunda yo gushinga ikubiyemo ibisabwa bikomeye, harimo gukenera gahunda irambuye yubucuruzi hamwe n’ibiteganijwe mu mari.

Ibidukikije byemewe n'amategeko.

Ishyirwaho rya FIJSLC rigengwa n’amategeko agenga amasoko ya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ”n '“ Amabwiriza yerekeye itangwa n’ubucuruzi bw’agaciro. ” Aya mabwiriza agenga itangwa ry’imigabane, gutangaza amakuru, n’imyitwarire y’ubucuruzi bw’agaciro.

Ubuyobozi bufatika kubashoramari b'abanyamahanga:

Abashoramari b'abanyamahanga bagomba kwitegura inzira igoye kandi itwara igihe mugihe bashizeho FIJSLC. Ni ngombwa guhuza abajyanama mu by'amategeko n’imari bafite ubunararibonye kugira ngo bafashe mu gutegura inyandiko zikenewe no kureba niba ibisabwa byose byubahirizwa.

Ubufatanye buke bw’ishoramari mu mahanga (FILPs):

FILPs igizwe nabafatanyabikorwa rusange, bafite inshingano zitagira imipaka kumyenda yubufatanye, nabafatanyabikorwa bake, bafite inshingano nke zishingiye kumisanzu yabo. Iyi miterere itanga guhinduka mubijyanye nintererano yimari nogucunga ibyago, bigatuma ibera mubucuruzi busaba kuvanga imiyoborere ninshingano zitagira imipaka hamwe nabashoramari bafite inshingano nke.

Ibisobanuro birambuye:

FILPs isa nubufatanye buke mu nkiko nyinshi, hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa rusange bashinzwe imicungire ya buri munsi yubufatanye nabafatanyabikorwa bake batanga igishoro. Iyi miterere irashobora kugirira akamaro cyane ubucuruzi busaba guhuza ubumenyi nigishoro.

Ibidukikije byemewe n'amategeko.

Amategeko agenga FILPs agengwa n "Itegeko ry’Ubufatanye bwa Repubulika y’Ubushinwa." Iri tegeko rigaragaza uburenganzira n’inshingano by’abafatanyabikorwa, imiterere y’imiyoborere y’ubufatanye, n’uburyo bwo gusesa ubufatanye.

Ubuyobozi bufatika kubashoramari b'abanyamahanga:

Abashoramari b'abanyamahanga bakwiye gusuzuma neza inshingano n'inshingano z'abafatanyabikorwa rusange kandi bagarukira. Ni ngombwa kugira amasezerano asobanutse kumiterere yubuyobozi, kugabana inyungu, nuburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane. Impanuro zemewe n'amategeko zirasabwa kwemeza ko amasezerano yubufatanye yemewe kandi yubahirizwa.

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Umwanzuro:

Ku bashoramari b'abanyamahanga bashaka gushinga ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa, dutanga serivisi zuzuye zo gufasha kwandikisha ibigo. Hamwe no gusobanukirwa byimbitse ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa n’imiterere y’amategeko, dushobora kuyobora abashoramari binyuze mu ngorane zo gushinga imishinga mu Bushinwa, tukubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibanze, kandi tukorohereza kwinjira ku isoko neza.