Izinhlobo Zamabhizinisi Atshalwe Kwamanye Amazwe E-China: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabatshalizimali Bangaphandle

Ukukhula komnotho waseShayina namandla ezimakethe kwenze yaba indawo ekhangayo kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Njengombhali waseShayina, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukuqonda okuningiliziwe kwezinhlobo zamabhizinisi atshalwe imali kwamanye amazwe (ama-FIE) e-China, izinhlaka zawo zomthetho, kanye nokucatshangwa abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe okufanele bakucabangele lapho besungula ubukhona bebhizinisi ezweni.

Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Ngaphesheya Ngokuphelele (ama-WFOE):

Ama-WFOE yizinkampani lapho yonke imali eyinhloko inikelwa ngabatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe, ngaphansi kwemithetho yaseShayina. Lezi zinhlangano zinikeza abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ukulawula okugcwele kokusebenza komsebenzi wabo wase-China. Inqubo yokusungulwa iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ingaphansi kokuqondisa okuqinile kokulawula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkampani zasekhaya. Umehluko osemthethweni phakathi kwezimpahla zenkampani kanye nalezo zabanikazi bamasheya bayo uchazwe ngokucacile, unikeza ungqimba lokuvikela isikweletu.

Incazelo enemininingwane:

Ama-WFOE avame ukusungulwa emikhakheni lapho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe kukhuthazwa noma lapho uhulumeni waseShayina evuleleke khona ekutshalweni kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Inqubo ibandakanya ukuthola imvume kuMnyango Wezohwebo noma ozakwabo basendaweni, ukubhalisa ne-State Administration for Market Regulation, kanye nokuthola ilayisense yebhizinisi. Abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kumele nabo bahambisane nezidingo ezahlukene zokubika futhi bangase babhekane nemikhawulo ekubuyiselweni kwenzuzo nemali.

Imvelo Esemthethweni Nelawulayo:

Uhlaka olusemthethweni lwama-WFOE lulawulwa “Umthetho Wokutshalwa Kwezimali Wangaphandle” kanye nemithethonqubo yawo yokuqalisa ukusebenza. Le mithetho ibeka imibandela yokusungulwa, ukusebenza, kanye nokuchithwa kwama-WFOE, okuhlanganisa imfuneko yemali encane ebhalisiwe kanye nesidingo sokusungula ibhodi yabaqondisi noma umqondisi oyedwa.

Isiqondiso Esisebenzayo Sabatshalizimali Bangaphandle:

Abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kufanele bacabangele ngokucophelela umkhakha abafisa ukusungula kuwo i-WFOE, njengoba ezinye izimboni zingase zibe nezidingo ezengeziwe noma imikhawulo. Kutuswa ukubandakanya abeluleki bendawo bezomthetho nabezezimali ukuze bazulazule endaweni yokulawula eyinkimbinkimbi futhi baqinisekise ukuthobelana nakho konke ukugcwalisa okudingekile kanye nezibopho zokubika.

Izinkampani Ezibophezeleka Ngangaphandle Ezitshalwe Ngezimali Ezikhawulelwe (FILLCs):

Ama-FILLC asungulwa ngabanikazi bamasheya abafika kwabangamashumi amahlanu, ngamunye unesikweletu esinqunyelwe ngokusekelwe emalini enikelelwe ngekhephithali ebhalisiwe. Lesi sakhiwo sifaneleka kakhulu abaqalayo namabhizinisi afuna imali yokuqhuba ibhizinisi. Kwakha isisekelo sezinhlelo eziningi zokutshalwa kwezimali, okuhlanganisa nesakhiwo se-Variable Interest Entity (VIE), esivumela abatshalizimali bangaphandle ukuthi bazulazule ngemikhawulo yobunikazi emikhakheni ethile.

Incazelo enemininingwane:

Ama-FILLC anikezela ngesakhiwo esivumelana nezimo esivumela izinhlobonhlobo zokutshala izimali kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha. Isici sesikweletu esilinganiselwe sikhanga abatshalizimali abafuna ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kwabo ezikweletini zenkampani. Isakhiwo se-VIE, esivame ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-inthanethi, sibandakanya inkampani yasekhaya ephethe amalayisensi adingekayo futhi iqhube ibhizinisi, kuyilapho umtshali-zimali wangaphandle ephethe inzalo yokulawula ngamalungiselelo enkontileka.

Imvelo Esemthethweni Nelawulayo:

Uhlaka olusemthethweni lwama-FILLCs luphinde lubuswe “Umthetho Wenkampani Yabantu BaseRiphabhulikhi YaseShayina.” Lo mthetho uveza izibopho zabanikazi bamasheya, abaqondisi, nabaphathi, kanye nezinqubo zokuphathwa kwebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa ukubanjwa kwemihlangano emikhulu yonyaka kanye nokukhethwa kwabaqondisi.

Isiqondiso Esisebenzayo Sabatshalizimali Bangaphandle:

Abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kufanele baqaphele izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nesakhiwo se-VIE, njengokuthembela ezinhlelweni zenkontileka okungenzeka zingaphoqeleleki ngaphansi komthetho wase-China. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacile imithelela yezomthetho futhi ufune iseluleko sochwepheshe ukuze uhlele ukutshalwa kwezimali ngendlela enciphisa ubungozi futhi ethobelane nemithetho yase-China.

Izinkampani Zangaphandle Ezitshaliwe Ezihlangene-Stock Limited (FIJSLCs):

Ama-FIJSLC akhiwa okungenani abaphromotha ababili nabangeqile kwabangu-200, imali yenkampani ihlukaniswe ngamasheya alinganayo. Abanamasheya banesibopho kuphela ngokwezinga abanamasheya abo. Lesi sakhiwo silungele izinkampani ezivuthiwe, ezinkulu futhi sibonakala ngenqubo yokusungula eqinile futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, okuyenza ingalungeli kakhulu ukuqala kanye namabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo (ama-SME). Isibonelo, izinkampani ezifana ne-China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), okuyibhizinisi likahulumeni, zivame ukusebenza njengama-FIJSLC.

Incazelo enemininingwane:

Ama-FIJSLC ayafana nezinkampani zomphakathi ezindaweni eziningi, anamasheya angadayiswa esidlangalaleni. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela isisekelo esibanzi sabanikazi bamasheya futhi singenza kube lula ukufinyelela ezimakethe ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokusungulwa ibandakanya izidingo eziqinile, okuhlanganisa isidingo sohlelo lwebhizinisi olunemininingwane kanye nokuqagela kwezezimali.

Imvelo Esemthethweni Nelawulayo:

Ukusungulwa kwe-FIJSLC kungaphansi “Komthetho Wezokuphepha WeRiphabhulikhi Yabantu Yase-China” kanye “Nemithethonqubo Yokukhishwa Nokuhweba Kwezibambiso.” Le mithethonqubo ilawula ukukhishwa kwamasheya, ukudalulwa kolwazi, kanye nokuphathwa kokuhweba ngezibambiso.

Isiqondiso Esisebenzayo Sabatshalizimali Bangaphandle:

Abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kufanele balungiselele inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi edla isikhathi lapho kusungulwa i-FIJSLC. Kubalulekile ukuxhumana nabeluleki bezomthetho nabezezimali abanolwazi ukuze basize ngokulungiselela imibhalo edingekayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwazo zonke izidingo zokulawula.

I-Foreign-Invested Limited Partnerships (FILPs):

Ama-FILP aqukethe ozakwethu abavamile, abanesibopho sezomthetho esingenamkhawulo sezikweletu zozakwethu, nozakwethu abalinganiselwe, abanesibopho sezomthetho esilinganiselwe ngokusekelwe emalini enikelelwe ngayo imali enkulu. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza ukuguquguquka mayelana neminikelo yemali kanye nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele, okuyenza ifaneleke amabhizinisi adinga ingxube yabaphathi abanesikweletu esingenamkhawulo nabatshalizimali abanesikweletu esilinganiselwe.

Incazelo enemininingwane:

Ama-FILP afana nobambiswano olulinganiselwe ezindaweni eziningi, nozakwethu abajwayelekile abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha usuku nosuku ubambiswano kanye nozakwethu abalinganiselwe abahlinzeka ngemali enkulu. Lesi sakhiwo singaba yinzuzo ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi adinga inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe nemali.

Imvelo Esemthethweni Nelawulayo:

Uhlaka lomthetho lwama-FILPs luphethwe “Umthetho Wobambiswano we-People's Republic of China.” Lo mthetho ubeka amalungelo nezibopho zozakwethu, uhlaka lokuphatha lobambiswano, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlakazwa kobambiswano.

Isiqondiso Esisebenzayo Sabatshalizimali Bangaphandle:

Abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kufanele bacabangele ngokucophelela izindima nezibopho zabalingani abajwayelekile nabanomkhawulo. Kubalulekile ukuba nesivumelwano esicacile ngesakhiwo sokuphatha, ukusatshalaliswa kwenzuzo, kanye nezinqubo zokuxazulula izingxabano. Iseluleko sezomthetho siyanconywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isivumelwano sobambiswano sinengqondo futhi siyasebenziseka.

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Isiphetho:

Kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abafuna ukusungula ibhizinisi e-China, sinikeza uhla olugcwele lwezinsizakalo ukusiza ngokubhaliswa kwenkampani. Ngokuqonda okujulile kwemakethe yaseShayina kanye nesimo esingokomthetho, singaqondisa abatshalizimali ebunzimeni bokusungula ibhizinisi e-China, siqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho yendawo, kanye nokwenza lula ukungena emakethe ngokushelelayo.